TUGAS 3 SOFTSKILL ENGLISH
DIRECT - INDIRECT SPEECHDirect speech (sentences directly) are the words of the sentence pronounced by the speaker directly.
Indirect Speech (Indirect sentence) is a sentence spoken to report the speaker's words katansi to others. So, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) is used when we want to report a person's words to others indirectly.
Direct and Indirect there are 3 types :
I . Statement ( pernyataan )
II. Command (perintah )
III. Question ( pertanyaan)
HOW TO CHANGE DIRECT TO IN DIRECT
1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - Was/were
Shall/will - Should/would
Can - Could
May - Might
Must
Have/has to - Had to Ought to
2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the following day
next week - the following week
to night - that night
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
last night - the night before
last week - the week before
here - there
this - that
these - those
3. Tenses
Direct Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Simple past
- past perfect
Present perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect continous
Simple future - past future
REPORTING VERB
I. STATEMENT
In the Indirect Statement we use that word (that) as a liaison between the introductory sentence (introduce phrases) and words that reported (reported words). Introductory sentences in indirect statement is:
He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me
- Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
- Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
- Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
- Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
- Mary told John “my father warned me last night”
- Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.
- My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
- My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.
- Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”
- Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.
Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan.
e.g - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
- Mary says “I have seen that film”
- Mary says that she has seen that film.
- My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”
- My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.
- Tom says “I don’t like English”
- Tom says that he don’t like English.
II. COMMAND
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu :
1. Positive Command
In the command we add to positive in front of the command line, as a liaison between the introductory sentence and orders were reported. Introductory sentences in this type is :
to + infinitive
|
He asked me
He told me
e.g - He asked me “Open your book”
- He asked me to open my book.
- Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”
- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
- Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”
- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.
- John told Mary “Wait until I come”
- John told Mary to wait until he comes.
- The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking”
- The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking.
2. Negative Command
In negative commands us not to add the commands were reported.
e.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me”
- Mary told John not to wait for her.
- I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone”
- I told him not to mention it to anyone.
- Father asked her “Don’t go there alone”
- Father asked her not to go there alone.
- Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again”
- Ira asked tom not to come to her house again.
- Mothers asked John “Don’t smoke too much”
- Mother asked John not to smoke too much.
III. QUESTION
When the question directly (direct question) use question words such as Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, etc., then the words are used as intermediaries in reported Speech. Reported questions turned into a positive form. Introductory sentence is:
Positive Form
|
He asked me where
When etc.
e.g - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”
- The man asked me where I lived.
- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
- I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
- I asked him when he had got back from his trip.
- He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
- He asked me how I would go there.
- John asked the girl : “What is your name ?”
- John asked the girl what her name was.
When the question was not directly asked to use words, and only the question in the form of "Yes and No Question", then we use the words if, Whether (if, if) as a liaison between the introductory sentences and questions were reported.
e.g - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.
- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.
- We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?”
- We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.
- Mother asked John : “Are you going to marry her ?”
- Mother asked John if he was going to marry her.
Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian
